| Holy See Sancta Sedes (Latin) Santa Sede (Italian) | … |
|---|---|
| Flag of Vatican City and of the Holy See Coat of arms of the Holy See | … |
| Anthem: Inno Pontificio (Italian) “Pontifical Hymn”noicon | … |
| Ecclesiastical jurisdiction | Diocese of Rome Worldwide1 41°54.2′N 12°27.2′E / 41.9033°N 12.4533°E |
| Official languages | Latin2 |
| Working language | Italian3 |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
| Demonyms | Papal Pontifical Vatican |
| Type | Apostolic4 Theocracy5 |
| Government | Unitary theocratic Catholic elective absolute monarchy6789 |
| • Pope | Leo XIV |
| • Cardinal Secretary of State | Pietro Parolin |
| • Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church | Kevin Farrell |
| • President of the Governorate of Vatican City | Raffaella Petrini |
| Sovereign entity under international law | … |
| • Apostolic see | 1st century by Saint Peter (“Prince of the Apostles”) |
| • Papal primacy | Early Church – Antiquity (Canon law; legal history) |
| • Donation of Sutri | 728 (territory in Duchy of Rome by Lombard King Liutprand) |
| • Donation of Pepin | 756 (sovereignty in Duchy of Rome reaffirmed by Frankish King Pepin) |
| • Papal States | 756–1870 1075: Dictatus papae 1177: Treaty of Venice (sovereignty reaffirmed by Emperor Frederick I of the Holy Roman Empire) |
| • Prisoner in the Vatican | 1870–1929 (control of the area under the Kingdom of Italy) |
| • Vatican City | 1929–present (Lateran Treaty with Italy creates the modern state of Vatican City) |
| Website vatican.va | … |
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Footnotes
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Universal full communion, Latin Church, Catholic Church. ↩
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“About the Holy See”. 20 July 2022. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2022. ↩
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“Background Notes, the Holy See”. 1995. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 11 October 2021. ↩
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Episcopal see of the Bishop of Rome, the Pope, head of the worldwide Catholic Church. ↩
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The Pope as head of state or sovereign of the Vatican City State. ↩
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“Internet portal of Vatican City State”. Vatican City State. Archived from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2011. ↩
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“CIA’s factbook Vatican State”. 16 February 2022. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2021. ↩
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Robbers, Gerhard (2006) Encyclopedia of World Constitutions Archived 4 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-0-81606078-8. p. 1009. ↩
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Nick Megoran (2009) “Theocracy” Archived 9 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, p. 226 in International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, vol. 11, Elsevier ISBN 978-0-08-044911-1 ↩